Provider Policies
We’re committed to supporting you in providing quality care and services to our members. Here you will find information on our medical policies, quality improvement program standards, and billing guidelines. The Provider Resource Center provides access to many of our forms, policies, and updates.
You can access our out-of-area medical policy router via the Out-of-Area Medical Policy Access accordion below.
Provider Policies
These documents are provided for informational purposes only and are not an authorization, certification, explanation of benefits or a contract. Benefits and eligibility are determined before medical guidelines and payment guidelines are applied. Benefits are determined by the subscriber certificate that is in effect at the time services are rendered. Medical practices and knowledge are constantly changing, and we reserve the right to review and revise medical policies periodically and without notice.
When available, we may utilize Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Vermont approved medical policies or those specific to plans as outlined below. When an appropriate policy does not exist we may utilize the medical policies of the national Blue Cross & Blue Shield Association as guidance to determine medical necessity. These policies are available on request.
BlueCard Members: To look up out-of-area member's medical policies, please use the Out-of-Area Network Policy option at the bottom of this page.
Updated: 11.07.2024
- Adjustable Cranial Orthoses for Positional Plagiocephaly and Craniosynotoses
- Allergy Testing, including Selected Blood, Serum and Cellular Testing and Toxicity Testing
- Ambulance and Medical Transport Services (Ground, Air and Water)
- Ambulatory Cardiac Monitors and Outpatient Telemetry
- Ambulatory Cardiac Monitors and Outpatient Telemetry (Eff. 01/01/25)
- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
- Assays of Genetic Expression in Tumor Tissue as a Technique to Determine Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer
- Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation or Implantation
- Bariatric Surgery
- Bioengineered Skin and Soft Tissue Substitutes, Amniotic Membrane and Amniotic Fluid
- Blood and Blood Components, Platelet Derived Growth Factors and Prolotherapy
- Breast Surgery and Breast Prothesis
- Charged- Particle (Proton or Helium Ion) Radiotherapy for Neoplastic Conditions
- Chiropractic Services
- Clinical Trials
- Cochlear Implant and Implantable Bone Conduction Hearing Aids
- Cognitive Rehabilitation
- Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) in the Home Setting
- Cosmetic and Reconstructive Procedures
- Cranial/Scalp/Wig Prosthesis
- Cytochrome P450 Genotype-Guided Treatment Strategy
- Dental Services for Accidental Injury, Gross Deformity, Head and Neck Cancers, and Congenital/Genetic Disorders
- Dental Services Pediatric (Qualified Health Plans and Applicable Plans)
- Dermatologic Applications of Photodynamic Therapy
- Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Environmental Illness/Intolerance (IEI) (ie, Multiple Chemical Sensitivities)
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Pain
- Drug Testing in Pain Management and Substance Use Disorder
- Drug Wastage
- Dry Needling of Myofascial Trigger Points
- Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics and Supplies (DMEPOS)
- Electrical Bone Growth Stimulation of the Appendicular Skeleton
- Electrical Stimulation of the Spine as an Adjunct to Spinal Fusion Procedures
- Enteral Nutrition
- External Insulin Pumps
- Fecal Analysis in Diagnosis of Intestinal Disorders
- Gender Affirming Services (Trans Services)
- Gene Expression Profiling and Protein Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Management (eff. 12/01/24)
- Genetic Testing, Including Chromosomal Microarray Analysis and Next-Generation Sequencing Panels, for the Evaluation of Developmental Delay/Intellectual Disability, Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Congenital Anomalies
- Hearing Services
- formerly the Evaluation of Hearing Impairment policy
- Home Infusion Therapy
- Hospital Beds
- Hospital Grade Electric Breast Pump
- Infertility Treatment Services (NOTE: Applies to ASO Groups Only - does not apply to State of Vermont)
- Interventions for Progressive Scoliosis
- Investigational Services & Procedures
- Investigational Services & Procedures (Eff. 12/01/24)
- Ketamine
- Light Therapy of Dermatologic Conditions
- Lumbar Spinal Fusion
- Medical Food for Inherited Metabolic Disease
- Minimally Invasive Treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) during Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Bronchoscopy, or Interventional Procedures in Outpatient Settings
- Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Outpatient Setting
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulator (NMES)
- Neuropsychological and Psychological Testing
- Noninvasive Radiologic Techniques for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
- Nutrient/Nutritional Panel Testing & Intracellular Micronutrient Analysis
- Nutritional Counseling
- Occipital Nerve Stimulation
- Occupational Therapy
- Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Pediatric Neurodevelpmental & Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Screening
- Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Physical Therapy Medicine
- Private Inpatient Hospital Rooms
- Radiology - All other Non-Cardiac Imaging
- Radiology - Cardiac Related Imaging
- Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) Imaging for the Evaluation of the Spine
- Sleep Disorders Diagnosis & Treatment
- Sleep Disorders Diagnosis & Treatment (eff. 12/01/24)
- Speech Language Pathology/Therapy Service
- Telemedicine and Telehealth
- Temporomandibular Joints (TMJ) Dysfunction
- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) in the Home Setting
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment of Depression and Other Psychiatric/Neurologic Disorders
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment of Depression and Other Psychiatric/Neurologic Disorders (Eff. 01/01/25)
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) (Eff. 01/01/25)
- Treatment of Varicose Veins/Venous Insufficiency
- Tumor Treatment Fields Therapy for CNS Cancers
- Use of Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography
- Vision Services and Medical Coverage for Ocular Disease
- Vision Services and Medical Coverage for Ocular Disease (eff. 12/01/24)
- Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators
- Wheelchairs
- Whole Body MRI
- Wireless Capsule Endoscopy for Gastrointestinal (GI) Disorders
Archived medical policies are inactive and no longer updated. Archived policies will remain available for a period of one year. Policies may be archived due to the technology being obsolete or discarded, the technology becoming standard of care and details about its use are well known, and/or Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Vermont is no longer implementing the policy.
The information in the archived policies is current through the last review date before the policy was archived. These policies may be useful for providing background information or for understanding benefit determinations made when the policy was active. However, because archived policies are not updated, providers should not rely on them as a source of information with respect to current requests for coverage.
- Access to Obstetrical Gynecological
- Allergy Testing
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring (Effective 07-01-24)
- Home Infusion Therapy - State of Vermont Members Only (Eff. 05-01-24)
- Laser Treatment of Port Wine Stains
- Medical Equipment and Supplies/Durable Medical Equipment (DME) and Supplies
- Medical Equipment and Supplies Prosthetics and Orthotics
- New Drugs to Market (NDTM) 2023 (Eff. 07-01-23)
- Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Rosacea
- Out-of-Network Services
Blue Cross VT Pharmacy Base Policies
- Down-tiers: Medications may move to a lower tier throughout the year. Utilization management strategies such as Step Therapy, Quantity Limits or Prior Authorization may apply.
- Up-tiers: Medications typically move to a higher tier on Jan. 1 and July 1 to help reduce member disruption. Brand medications may move to a higher tier at any time when a generic equivalent becomes available. Utilization management strategies such as Step Therapy, Quantity Limits or Prior Authorization may apply.
- New Generic Launches: New generic medication launches occur throughout the year. Generic medications will be placed in Tier 1 on the Select and Premium (NPF) Formularies. Brand medications may move to a higher tier at any time when a generic equivalent becomes available.
- New Drugs to Market: May include new brand launches and Authorized Brand Alternatives. These products are excluded from coverage for up to 6 months, however a formulary exception override process is available via Prior Authorization. Final coverage status is determined after medications are thoroughly reviewed by the Optum Rx National Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee.
- Specialty Medication Updates: These occur on Jan. 1 and July 1 and include existing medications being added to or removed from the Specialty Pharmacy Program.
- Step Therapy: Step Therapy directs members to try a lower-cost alternative (Step 1) before a higher-cost medication (Step 2) may be eligible for coverage. Step Therapy may be removed at any time but will only be added on Jan. 1 and July 1 to help reduce member disruption.
- Quantity Limits: Quantity limits establish the maximum quantity of a drug that is covered within a specified timeframe. Quantity Limits may be removed at any time but will only be added on Jan. 1 and July 1 to help reduce member disruption. Existing utilization management such as Prior Authorizations and Step Therapy may still apply.
View Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Vermont’s practice standards and how we monitor those as part of our quality program.
- Accessibility of Service and Provider Administrative Standards
- Availability of Network Practitioners Analysis Policy
- Clinical Practice Guidelines Policy
- PCP Selection Criteria Policy
- Procedures for Continuity of Care
- Provider Contract Termination Policy
- Quality of Care Risk Investigation
- Site Visit and Medical Record Keeping Policy
- Supervised Practice of Mental Health and Substance Use Trainees
- Note: Effective 08/01/24, this policy is now a Payment Policy (see below accordion)
- Vermont Designated Agency Policy
By accessing these policies, I acknowledge the following:
Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Vermont’s payment policies:
- Serve as a reference to assist providers and facilities in submitting accurate claims.
- Outline the basis for reimbursement for covered services.
- Apply to services rendered by participating providers.
- Are subject to changes in coding rules and guidelines, such as those established by CPT and HCPCS; there may be instances where coding changes are applied before the policies are amended.
- May be revised from time to time based on state or federal requirements or changes to provider contracts.
Blue Cross VT payment policies do NOT:
- Provide billing or coding advice.
- Guarantee or determine benefits.
- Control in the event of a conflict with member contracts, provider contracts, medical policies, or claim edits.
- Dictate how other Blue Plans set allowances for care rendered by non-participating providers.
- Constitute medical advice.
Permanent Payment Policy Name
- Acupuncture CPP_02
- Claims Editing CPP_32
- Durable Medical Equipment Rental to Purchase Reimbursement CPP_36
- Frequency of Supplies (Diabetic and CPAP BIPAP) CPP_33
- Global Maternity Obstetric Package CPP_16
- Home Births CPP_18
- Home Infusion Therapy CPP_14
- Hub and Spoke System for Opioid Addiction Treatment CPP_05
- Inpatient Hospital Room and Board, Routine Services, Supplies, and Equipment CPP_08
- Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Pharmacy Services CPP_35
- Modifier 22 CPP_06
- Modifier 52 CPP_22
- Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction-Diagnostic Imaging Procedures CPP_09
- Never Events and Hospital-Acquired Conditions CPP_23
- Observation Services CPP_07 (Eff. 07/01/22 - 11/20/24)
- Observation Services CPP_07 (Eff. 12/01/24)
- Office & Outpatient Evaluation and Management Visit Complexity G2211 CPP_39 (Eff. 01/01/25)
- Operating and Recovery Room Services and Supplies CPP_15
- Preventable Readmissions (30-day readmission) CPP_21
- Provider Audit, Sampling and Extrapolation, and Re-Audit Process CPP_19
- Provider-Based Billing CPP_11
- Robotic and Computer Assisted Surgery CPP_04
- Supervised Practice of Mental Health and Substance Use Trainees
- Telemedicine CPP_03
- Urgent Care Clinics CPP_12
- Use of Non-Network Providers CPP_20
In effect until December 31, 2024
- Telephone Only CPP_24 (Eff. 01-01-24)
The clinical practice guidelines serve as resources that aim to standardize healthcare practices by adopting evidence based guidelines which can help positively impact outcomes. The guidelines can assist practitioners, as well as members, in making informative decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical situations.
Blue Cross VT’s quality program has adopted guidelines for clinical practice that includes, but is not limited to, the list of resources below. The listed guidelines are one of the many resources utilized by Blue Cross VT to reach decisions on matters of medical policy, benefit coverage, and utilization management.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPST)
- Colorectal Cancer Screenings
- Breast Cancer Screenings
- Cervical Cancer Screenings
- Chlamydia Screenings
- Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: Screenings
American Psychiatric Association (APA)
- Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Substance Use Disorders and updated Guideline Watch, 2nd Edition
- Guidelines for the Assessment and Treatment of Patients with Suicidal Behaviors
- Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder
- Guidelines for Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults
- Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Eating Disorders
- Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
American College of Cardiology (ACC)
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology
- Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Major and Persistent Depressive Disorders
- Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
American Diabetes Association
- Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2024
- Standards of Care in Diabetes — 2023 Abridged for Primary Care Providers
Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Vermont Preventive Care Guide
If you would like to receive any or all of these guidelines by mail, please call (800) 924-3494 or email customerservice@bcbsvt.com.
Updated: 09/19/2024
To view the out-of-area Blue Plan's medical policies or general pre-certification/pre-authorization information, please select the type of information requested, enter the first three letters of the member's identification number on their Blue Cross Blue Shield ID card, and click "GO".
If you experience difficulties or need additional information, please contact (800) 676-BLUE or provider services at (800) 924-3494.
Date modified : 09/08/2010
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